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NEW QUESTION # 120
A particular sorting algorithm takes integer list [10, 6, 8] and incorrectly sorts the list to [6, 10, 8]. What is true about the algorithm's correctness for sorting an arbitrary list of three integers?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A sorting algorithm is correct if it consistently produces a sorted output (e.g., ascending order: [6, 8, 10] for input [10, 6, 8]). According to foundational programming principles, if an algorithm fails to sort any input correctly, it is considered incorrect for the general case.
* Analysis:
* Input: [10, 6, 8].
* Output: [6, 10, 8].
* Correct sorted output: [6, 8, 10] (ascending).
* The algorithm's output [6, 10, 8] is not sorted, as 10 > 8.
* Option A: "The algorithm is incorrect." This is correct. Since the algorithm fails to sort [10, 6, 8] correctly, it is not a valid sorting algorithm for arbitrary inputs. A single failure proves incorrectness for the general case.
* Option B: "The algorithm only works for [10, 6, 8]." This is incorrect. The algorithm does not "work" for [10, 6, 8], as it produces an incorrect output.
* Option C: "The algorithm's correctness is unknown." This is incorrect. The given example demonstrates incorrectness, so the algorithm is known to be incorrect.
* Option D: "The algorithm is correct." This is incorrect. The algorithm fails to sort the given input correctly.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Sorting Algorithms).
Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 2: Sorting).
GeeksforGeeks: "Sorting Algorithms" (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sorting-algorithms/).
NEW QUESTION # 121
What would a string be used to store?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In programming, a string is used to store sequences of characters, which can include letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces. Strings are typically utilized to store textual data, such as words and sentences12. For example, the word "positive" would be stored as a string. While strings can contain numbers, they are not used to store numbers in their numeric form but rather as text. Therefore, options A, C, and D, which involve numbers or boolean values, would not be stored as strings unless they are meant to be treated as text.
NEW QUESTION # 122
Which characteristic specifically describes an object-oriented language?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is characterized by the concept of encapsulating data and operations within objects. This characteristic is fundamental to OOP and distinguishes it from procedural programming, which is structured around functions rather than objects. In OOP, objects are instances of classes, which define the data (attributes) and the operations (methods) that can be performed on that data. This encapsulation of data and methods within objects allows for more modular, reusable, and maintainable code.
The characteristics of object-oriented programming languages are well-documented and include encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. These principles are foundational to OOP and are supported by languages like C++, Java, and Python12345.
NEW QUESTION # 123
What are two examples of valid function calls?
Choose 2 answers.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A valid function call invokes a function by its name, providing the required number and type of arguments in the correct syntax. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), function calls must follow the language's syntax rules, typically function_name(arguments).
* Option A: "function sample(float 2.0)." This is incorrect. This resembles a function definition (declaring a function named sample with a parameter), not a function call. A call would be sample(2.0).
* Option B: "GetHeight(integer 3, 4)." This is incorrect. The syntax integer 3 is invalid in most languages for a function call. A correct call might be GetHeight(3, 4), assuming GetHeight accepts two integers.
The inclusion of type keywords (integer) is not typical in function calls.
* Option C: "round(4.723, 2)." This is correct. In languages like Python, round(4.723, 2) is a valid call to the built-in round function, which takes a float and an integer (number of decimal places) and returns a rounded value (e.g., 4.72).
* Option D: "PrintSample()." This is correct. Assuming PrintSample is a defined function with no parameters, PrintSample() is a valid call (e.g., in Python: def PrintSample(): print("Sample")).
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Function Calls).
Python Documentation: "Built-in Functions" (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round).
W3Schools: "C Functions" (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).
NEW QUESTION # 124
It is given that integer x=41 and integer y = 16. What is the value of the expression (x % 8) - y?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The expression ((x % 8) - y) involves the modulo operation and subtraction. The modulo operation finds the remainder when ( x ) is divided by ( 8 ). Given ( x = 41 ), we calculate ( 41 % 8 ) which equals ( 1 ) because (
41 ) divided by ( 8 ) equals ( 5 ) with a remainder of ( 1 ). Then, we subtract ( y ) (which is ( 16 )) from this remainder:
(41%8)16=116=15
However, there seems to be a discrepancy here as the calculation shows the answer should be (-15), but this is not an option provided in your question. Please double-check the options or the expression provided.
References:
* The concept of modulo operation is explained in various programming resources such as Python documentation and C++ reference guides.
* Basic arithmetic operations and their precedence are covered in introductory programming textbooks and online coding platforms like Codecademy and freeCodeCamp.
NEW QUESTION # 125
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